AACR2 versus RDA: a comparison of examples

Overview of some of the changes from AACR2 to RDA

Source : yale university website Terminology: Some RDA terminology differs from that of AACR2:
AACR2	RDA
heading	authorized access point (AAP)
uniform title	preferred title; conventional collective title
physical description	carrier
sound disc, etc.	audio disc, etc.
author	creator (includes composers, librettists, lyricists)
performer	contributor
chief source	preferred sources
general material designator	content, media, and carrier type
Abbreviations: From Kathy Glennan, MLA-L, 1/17/2014 RDA generally eschews abbreviations. The primary exceptions are for: Units of measurement Abbreviations that are regularly used in resources and are commonly understood by users (e.g., "SATB", "op.") Abbreviations that a resource uses to identify itself (e.g., "BWV" instead of "Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis") Abbreviations are used only when they appear on the resource. The exceptions are no. and op. (which will be used the same way as they were in AACR2: in the title area, abbreviate only when abbreviated on the item; abbreviate in access points), thematic index numbers, voice range (SATB, etc.), and units of measurements.      Use "in." for inches; however, "cm" is no longer considered to be an abbreviation Use "stereo" and "mono" (also no longer considered to be abbreviations), but spell out other terms ("quadrophonic," etc.)
AACR2	RDA
p.	pages
ca.	approximately
i.e.	that is
acc.	accompanied
unacc.	unaccompanied
arr.	arranged
ill.	illustrations
col.	color
facsim.	facsimile
ed.	edition
S.l.	[place of publication not identified]
s.n.	[publisher not identified]
n.d.	[date of publication not identified]
Examples of some of changes to abbreviations used in the physical description (extent of item)
AACR2	RDA
3 vol.	3 volumes
ca. 200 p.	approximately 200 pages
48 [i.e. 96] p.	48, that is, 96 pages
[16] p. of plates	16 unnumbered pages of plates
Dimensions: AACR2: the system of measurement used to record dimensions varies depending on the type of resource. RDA: metric units are used. (LCPS 3.5.1.3 allows for using inches for discs (RDA 3.5.1.4.4)) Metric units: AACR2: they are considered abbreviations and are followed by a full stop (e.g., cm.) RDA: they are treated as symbols and are not followed by a full stop (e.g., cm). Examples of changes to abbreviations used in dates in authorized access points representing persons (formerly known as name headings)
AACR2	RDA	LC practice (when it varies from RDA)
b. 1825	born 1825	1825-
d. 1859	died 1859	-1859
fl.	flourished	active
ca. 1837	approximately 1837	----
1836 or 7	1836 or 1837	----
18th cent.	18th century	----
16th/17th cent.	active 16th century-17th century	----
Recording and transcribing: RDA differentiates between recording and transcribing elements.    ° Recorded elements: the found information is often adjusted    ° Transcribed elements: the data is accepted as found on the resource    ° The transcribed elements are: Element Associated MARC field title 245 ‡a, ‡b statement of responsibility 245 ‡c edition statement 250 ‡a, ‡b numbering of serials 490 ‡v production statement 264 _0 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c publication statement 264 _1 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c distribution statement 264 _2 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c manufacture statement 264 _3 ‡a, ‡b, ‡c series statement 490 ‡a New to RDA: Capitalization: RDA Appendix A: LC policy is to follow the capitalization on the resource or follow the instructions in Appendix A. Diacritics: Transcribe when they appear; not necessary to add them when they are omitted from the resource. Abbreviations: RDA Appendix B: Transcribe as found on the RDA preferred source; otherwise do not use abbreviations Other things: Parallel titles may be taken from anywhere on the resource, and are not enclosed in brackets    ° However, other title information must be taken from the same source as the title proper Statement of responsibility may be taken from anywhere on the resource    ° Transcribe title, terms of address, etc.    ° Transcribe all persons named, even when there are four or more Edition statement:    ° Abbreviations are used only when they appear on the resource    ° Use the form of numbering (e.g., Arabic, roman, etc.) that appear on the resource
Inaccuracies, omissions: AACR2: Inaccuracies are transcribed followed either by [sic] or by "i.e." and the correction in square brackets. Missing letter(s) are supplied in square brackets. RDA: Inaccuracies are transcribed as they appear on the source of information. If necessary, a note may be made correcting the inaccuracy, and the title as corrected may be recorded as a variant title if it is considered important for access. Examples AACR2 1.0F 245 10 ‡a Morton Feldmans Untiteled [sic] composition für Cello und Klavier 246 3  ‡a Morton Feldmans Untitled composition für Cello und Klavier RDA 1.7.9, 2.3.1.4 245 10 ‡a Morton Feldmans Untiteled composition für Cello und Klavier 246 3  ‡i Title should read: ‡a Morton Feldmans Untitled composition für Cello und Klavier AACR2 1.0F 245 00 ‡a Horn sonat[a]s 246 3  ‡a Horn sonats RDA 1.7.9, 2.3.1.4 245 00 ‡a Horn sonats 246 3  ‡i Title should read: ‡a Horn sonatas
Dashes, brackets AACR2: ... (ellipses) and [ ] square brackets are replace by — and ( ). RDA: The punctuation is transcribed as it appears on the source. Example Title appears on the resource as ...Huésped de las nieblas... ...Guest from the mists... for flute and piano AACR2 1.1B1F 245 10 ‡a --Huésped de las nieblas-- = ‡b --Guest from the mists-- : for flute and piano RDA 1.7.3 245 10 ‡a ...Huésped de las nieblas... = ‡b ...Guest from the mists... : for flute and piano
Chief/preferred source:
Title:
Scores Sound recordings AACR2 RDA (2.2.2.2) AACR2 RDA (2.2.2.4) caption cover colophon other preliminaries other sources cover caption masthead colophon label* embedded textual material elsewhere on the resource    (container, insert, etc.)
*Use the label:      ° even when there is a collective title elsewhere on the resource      ° only if the information found there represents the resource as a whole For multi-disc sets, use the labels collectively
Edition statement: (250 field) will now encompass elements relating to the format of music that were scattered over various areas in AACR2: ° Musical presentation statement (e.g., Score and parts), an AACR2 element tagged in the 254 field ° Statements of responsibility relating to the format of music (e.g., vocal score by [name]), currently tagged in 245/‡c ° Voice range statements (e.g., High voice)
Publication statement: A new, repeatable MARC field (264) is used for production, publication, distribution, printing, and copyright date 1st indicator: always blank 2nd indicator: 0= production (for unpublished resources) 1= publication 2= distribution 3= manufacture 4= copyright notice date (optional) Abbreviations are not used unless they appear on the resource. Place of publication: if more than one, only the first is required (2.8.2)    ° Include all hierarchies of place, e.g., New Haven, CT, USA    ° No requirement to include place in the US if the publisher is not in the US Publisher name: if more than one, on the first is required (2.8.4)    ° Use the full name as found on the resource, e.g., Theodore Presser Company, Hildegarde Publishing Company    ° Include all corporate hierarchies of the name of publisher Date of publication: record the date as found on the resource    ° LCPS 1.8.2 (first alternative) says to transcribe roman numerals and not convert to Arabic Place, name, and/or date of publication not identified on resource:    ° AACR2: [S.l.], [s.n.], [n.d.]    ° RDA: [place of publication not identified], [publisher not identified], [date of publication not identified]       ° LCPS instruction strongly encourages: supply a place of publication in brackets or date in brackets       ° Each subfield is separately bracketed: D1.2.1: When adjacent elements within one area are to be enclosed in square brackets, enclose each in its own set of square brackets. from: RDA Basics (PPT)
Publication dates and copyright (©)/phonogram () dates are different elements in RDA and the copyright date may not be used for the date of publication. If the date of publication is unknown, use [Date of publication not identified] or an estimated date in brackets, with a question mark, if necessary. Copyright/phonogram date is not required if a publication date is known. However, for music materials, it is strongly suggested that copyright/phonogram dates are included, even when they are the same as the publication date.    ° Record the latest copyright date; for recordings, prefer  dates over © dates.
Extent (RDA 3.4)/Physical description (AACR2): The number and type of units (a physical or logical constituent of a resource; e.g., a volume, audiocassette, film reel, a map, a digital file) and/or subunit (a physical or logical subdivision of a unit; e.g., a page of a volume, a frame of a microfiche, a record in a digital file)    Give the extent if the resource is complete or if the total extent is known Use the appropriate term, which may be a term from the carrier type list (3.3.1.3) or a general term (3.4.1.3) Notated music: Some terms are no longer used.
AACR2	RDA (see 7.20.13 or metadata registry for a full list of terms)
v. of music, p. of music, leaves of music	score
close score	condensed score (now used for both vocal and instrumental scores)
miniature score	study score
Examples
AACR2	RDA
16 p. of music	1 score (16 pages)
1 miniature score	1 study score
1 close score	1 condensed score
1 sound disc	1 audio disc
1 sound cassette	1 audiocassette
Physical description of sound recordings: Most terms for types of carriers used in the extent are modified. The word "sound" is discontinued to avoid confusion with content.
AACR2	RDA
sound cartridge	audio cartridge
sound disc	audio disc
piano, [etc.] roll	audio roll
sound cassette	audiocassette
sound tape reel	audio tape
sound track film reel, [cassette, etc.]	sound-track reel
Additionally, some details are given even if they are standard for the type of resource: ° type of recording: analog, digital (3.16.2.3) ° recording medium (3.16.3.3) ° playing speed (3.16.4.3) ° groove characteristic (3.16.5.3) (e.g., microgroove) ° track configuration (3.16.6.3) ° tape configure (number of tracks on an audiotape) (3.16.7.3) (e.g., 12 track) ° playback (3.16.8.3) (e.g., mono, stereo) ° special playback characteristics (3.16.9.3) (e.g., Dolby, CD audio, DVD audio, MP3, SACD) ° tape configuration (number of tracks on an audiotape) ° dimensions of cartridges and cassettes, including the width of the tape    ° metric units are used for dimensions, but RDA allows for the use of another system of measure       (e.g., inches: 4 3/4 in.)
General material designation: Three new fields (336, 337, 338) collectively replace the General material designation (245 ‡h) See Content, Media, and Carrier (RDA 6.9, 3.2, 3.3 & MARC 336-338)
Notation: indicating type of notation, even with it is staff notation, is required in RDA (7.13; see also metadata registry) and is given in the 546 field: graphic notation, letter notation, mensural notation, neumatic notation, number notation, solmization, staff notation, tablature, tonic sol-fa.
Uniform titles/Preferred titles (See also A comparison of uniform titles (AACR2) and preferred titles (RDA) In progress) Two separate steps in RDA    1. record attributes (6.2-6.26)    2. determine which attributes to use in the authorized access point (6.27-6.31) Authorized access points comprise    ° preferred name of the creator (if applicable)    ° preferred title of work (6.2.1, 6.14, 6.28.1.1-6.28.1.8)    ° additional elements to differentiate among other works/expressions (6.28.1.9-6.28.1.11) Differences from AACR2:    ° no equivalent to AACR2's "works of mixed responsibility"    ° "work(s)" in RDA refers to both individual works and compilations    ° medium of performance in access point can contain more than three elements    ° standard chamber combinations (e.g., string quartet, piano trio, etc.) are no longer used    ° use "cello" not "violoncello"    ° spell out "acc." "arr." and "unacc."    ° fewer restrictions on recording key    ° librettos and operas are considered separate works Source: RDA and Sound Recordings—A Cataloging Workshop: Cataloging with RDA—Sound Recordingswork ___________________________________________________________________________

Sources:

Yale University library Website

 http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/rdaoverview.htm

RDA and sound recordings—a cataloging workshop by Kathy Glennan
A brief introduction to RDA for scores & sound recordings by Nancy Lorimer
Changes from AACR2 to RDA: a comparison of examples by Adam L. Schiff, Principal Cataloger, University of Washington Libraries
Significant changes for cataloging music: AACR2 vs. RDA by Daniel Paradis, Concordia University

Assessment of Information Retrieval

Evaluating and assessing the results of information retrieval is a vital part of the information-seeking process. After conducting a search, the usefulness, reliability and relevance of the search results have to be assessed before applying the retrieved information to written assignments. This includes assessing the amount and quality of the retrieved information. For example, it is quite common that the information seeker does not find enough relevant material, which could be prevented by carefully planning the search process and considering which sources to use.

When evaluating the quality of the search results, it is essential to determine the relevance of the material, that is, whether the material satisfies your information needs, or if it is useless or irrelevant from your point of view. Other question to think about is the accessibility of the retrieved information. No matter how relevant the material is, if it is not available to you in any form, it can be deemed useless.

If the results are not relevant, reliable or useful, the information seeker can refine the search or conduct new searches. If the result list contains seemingly relevant documents that match the topic of the search, but are written from a point of view that the information seeker does not find relevant, more attention should be given to the search string. It is important to think about the search terms, come up with alternative terms, narrow the search by using the AND operator, choose the right databases and search techniques, apply several search techniques and analyze the topic and its component concepts carefully. Analysis of this kind can be useful even if the search results are relevant, because conducting a new, slightly different search can provide the information seeker with new ways of approaching the topic.

Acquiring source material

After evaluating the search results, the information seeker has to locate the material that s/he regards as relevant. Some of the documents are online, in electronic form, but this is not always the case, and one should bear in mind that there are plenty of good sources available in printed form as well.

If the search has been conducted on a bibliographic database that does not contain full-text documents, the material has to be acquired elsewhere. The documents can located by checking Tamcat, or, if the library does not hold them, by resorting to Linda instead, and considering whether to order the material through the inter-library loan system.

Source criticism

Evaluating sources is an important skill that students need when writing research papers. When evaluating potential source material, the student should critically assess the

credibility, reliability and the quality of the material and decide if it is suitable for his/her purposes. Source evaluation is especially important when the source material is accessible through open networks, but must not be forgotten when using subscription-based databases since these sometimes contain references to popular journals in addition to academic ones.

Doctoral dissertations and peer-reviewed articles that are published in academic journals can be considered more reliable than popular journals and bachelors' or masters' theses. Nevertheless, source material should always be evaluated by taking into account the point of view or the focus of the article or dissertation, regardless of the type of material used.

When evaluating the quality of the material, the first thing to do is to consider the author's credentials, the institute or organization he is associated with, and the properties of the publication or article: does the author refer to reliable, respectable sources; is the journal academic or popular? Is the document up-to-date or does

it seem dated already? If using an electronic database or a website, when has it last been updated?

Source Criticism in Web-based Information Retrieval

When using websites and other web-based resources in research, source criticism and evaluation are necessary since there is no centralized control over what can be published in the Internet and the quality and reliability of online sources vary greatly. Using websites as source material can be problematic because they sometimes contain information that is dated or erroneous, or the website may still be under construction.

When writing a paper or an essay, make sure you check the author and publisher of the material you want to refer to, the author's relation to the topic and the purpose of the text you intend to cite. When using a website as a source, for example, one easy way to check the reliability of the source is to pay attention to the URL of the site. Remember to use common sense and your own knowledge on the subject when evaluating websites; the Internet contains good sources of information as well as bad or unreliable ones, but the information seeker should stay skeptical when considering whether to refer to a website or not.

Source : http://www.uta.fi/kirjasto/

Open Access Journals in Library & Information Science

           

1. Action for Libraries

2. African Journal of Information and Communication Technology

3. Anales de Documentacion 

4. ARL Synergy News

5. Asian Journal of Information Management

6. Australian Academic & Research Libraries

7. Australian Library Journal

8. Ariadne

9. Arquivistica.net

10. BID: Textos universitaris de biblioteconomia i documentaci

11. Bilgi D�nyasi

12. Biomedical Digital Libraries

13. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

14. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association

15. Chinese Librarianship

16. Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal

17. Circulation Control

18. Circulation Journal 

19. Circulation Management

20. Code4Lib Journal

21. Communications in Information Literacy

22. Coordinates : Online Journal of the Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association. Series A

23. Coordinates : Online Journal of the Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association. Series B

24. Cybermetrics: international journal of scientometrics, informetrics, and bibliometrics

25. D-Lib Magazine

26. Data Science Journal

27. DigiCULT

28. Digital Web Magazine

29. Electronic British Library journal

30. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship

31. Electronic Journal of Health Informatics

32. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation

33. Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries

34. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management

35. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice

36. First Monday

37. Florida Libraries

38. GMS Medizin-Bibliothek-Information

39. High Energy Physics Libraries Webzine

40. Hipertext.net

41. Human IT: tidskrift for studier av IT ur ett humanvetenskapligt perspektiv

42. IFLA Journal

43. Information Bulletin for Librarians

44. Information for Social Change

45. Information Research: an international electronic journal

46. Information Technology and Disabilities

47. Information Today

48. Information Today & Tomorrow

49. Informing Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline

50. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management

51. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects

52. International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control

53. International Journal of Digital Curation

54. International Journal of Doctoral Studies

54. International Journal of Special Libraries

56. International Review of Information Ethics

57. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship

58. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

59. Journal of Digital Information

60. Journal of Electronic Publishing

61. Journal of eLiteracy

62. Journal of Information Literacy

63. Journal of Information, Information Technology, and Organizations

64. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice

65. Journal of Medical Internet Research

66. Journal of the Medical Library Association

67. Journal of the Rutgers University Libraries

68. KMWorld Magazine

69. Library & Information Research : Research into Practice for Information & Library Services

70. Library Journal

71. Library of Congress Information Bulletin

72. Library Philosophy and Practice 

73. Library Student Journal

74. LIBREAS - Library Ideas

75. Libres: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal

76. Medizin-Bibliothek-Information

77. Nebraska Library Association quarterly

78. North Carolina Libraries

79. Partnership : the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research

80. Progressive Librarian

81. Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciencia da Informacao

82. Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly

83. School Library Media Research

84. SIMILE

85. Svensk Biblioteksforskning

86. Technology Electronic Reviews, TER

87. Virginia Libraries

88. Webology